Parashat haShavua: NITZAVIM 5770

Devarim - Deuteronomio 29:9-31:20
4 de setiembre, 2010 – 25 de Elul, 5770

Una educación judía comprometida

Esta semana leemos dos parashot: Nitzavim y Vaielej. En la primera de ellas, Parashat Nitzavim, se habla de un nuevo pacto, concertado entre D"s y el pueblo de Israel, antes de entrar a la tierra de Canaán. Como en todo pacto, al comenzar se establece claramente quiénes son los suscriptores del mismo. En el texto de la Torá respectivo, aparece algo muy interesante: "Empero no sólo con vosotros yo concerto este pacto y esta imprecación. Pues con el que está aquí con nosotros de pie, el día de hoy, delante de Adonai nuestro D"s, y con el que no está aquí con nosotros el día de hoy" (Devarim 29:13-14).

La pregunta que surge de este pasaje es ¿a quién se refiere con "el que no está aquí con nosotros”? Rashi, citando al Midrash, explica que esta frase hace alusión a las generaciones futuras. Es decir, el pacto que D"s concertó en el desierto no fue sólo entre Él y las personas presentes en ese momento, sino también con los hijos de esas personas y los hijos de sus hijos, para todas las generaciones por venir, incluyéndonos a nosotros y a nuestros descendientes.

A simple vista esto parece un poco extraño. Después de todo, sabemos que normalmente los pactos se hacen entre las partes que lo firman y que no se puede incluir a nadie más, a menos que éste exprese su consentimiento en forma explícita. ¿Cómo podríamos incluir en un pacto a alguien que todavía no nació? ¿Tenemos derecho de hacer algo así? Un abogado podría inquirir cínicamente: ¿acaso este pacto es legal? Si me permiten aquí una pequeña broma, en este contexto nunca quedaría mejor la expresión “abogado del diablo”.

Yo no estoy seguro si la interpretación del Midrash es la correcta, pero sí creo que nos enseña un principio de pedagogía judía muy importante. Me refiero a la educación de los hijos en general y a la educación judía en particular, a la que me referiré brevemente a continuación.

En mi opinión, existen tres opciones básicas con respecto a la educación judía de nuestros hijos: la primera es educarlos como judíos por completo, enviarlos a una escuela judía, que tengan una casa judía, etc. Esta opción es en realidad la continuidad del pacto que plantea la parashá de la semana. Desde bien pequeños, introducimos a los niños en el pacto, en la tradición de nuestro pueblo.

La segunda opción es la diametralmente opuesta: no brindarles a los niños ningún tipo de educación judía. No hay escuela judía, no hay visitas a la sinagoga, no hay símbolos judíos, etc. En algún momento los niños crecerán y se enterarán que son judíos, pero eso no tendrá para ellos ningún valor, ya que será una palabra vacía de contenido, no tendrán nada concreto donde puedan ver reflejada su pertenencia al pueblo judío, ni ninguna memoria que puedan despertar. Esto claramente significa romper con el pacto de la Torá, expresar libremente el deseo de no pertenecer al pacto.

Hay una tercera opción, una posición intermedia, en la cual me quiero detener. Vimos que la primera opción es decir "yo quiero que mis hijos sean parte del pacto", mientras que la segunda consiste en afirmar " yo no quiero que mis hijos sean parte del pacto". Pues bien, la opción intermedia consiste en expresar "yo no puedo decidir por mis hijos, ellos elegirán en el futuro si quieren ser parte del pacto con la tradición judía o no". En la práctica, esto se traduce en brindar algo de educación judía, pero muy tibia, sin afirmaciones ni imposiciones. Se les transmite un mensaje confuso, con un poco de judaísmo y otro poco de otras cosas. Se los lleva alguna vez a la sinagoga y a la escuela judía porque es importante que conozcan, pero a estos lugares se les concede la misma importancia que a otros, no son parte de esencial de la vida familiar.

La experiencia nos muestra que el resultado de una educación como ésta es muy parecido al de la segunda opción. En un país en el que el número de judíos es un granito de arena y en el que solamente se puede acceder a la cultura judía en la sinagoga, escuela hebrea u otra institución judía similar, el camino que elegirán los hijos en realidad está virtualmente establecido.

Creo que la idea del pacto con las generaciones futuras nos enseña que no podemos dejar la identidad de nuestros hijos librada al azar. Por supuesto que ellos serán los que van a elegir y decidir, como seres humanos que son. Ninguna educación garantiza resultados 100% eficaces. Pero el consejo de la Torá es que debemos inclinar la balanza adrede, no ser imparciales, mostrarles a nuestros niños que nos interesa que ellos sigan perteneciendo al mismo pueblo que sus padres, y transmitirles el orgullo que eso nos provoca. De lo contrario, ellos elegirán sin ningún preconcepto, lo que en una sociedad como la nuestra significa un casi seguro boleto a la asimilación completa.

El consejo del Midrash es que debemos educar a nuestros hijos en el judaísmo como lo hacemos en otros aspectos de la vida. Por ejemplo: los padres suelen querer que sus hijos sean buenas personas y por más amplios de criterios que fueren, les muestran a sus hijos el camino del bien. Yo nunca escuché a un padre diciéndole a su hijo "hay gente que es honesta y gente que es inmoral, cuando seas grande tú elegirás si quieres ser íntegro o no". Así como educamos a los niños en lo que creemos que es bueno y malo, y les queremos transmitir afecto por los valores que enarbolamos, así también deberíamos educarlos en la tradición judía, en el amor a sus valores y su cultura, en el sentimiento de pertenencia.

La Torá nos habla esta semana de un pacto con las generaciones futuras, una alianza que solo puede mantenerse con vida a partir de la educación. Quizás la lección más importante que nos brinda es que debemos tener bien claro que no importa cuál de las tres opciones elijamos, siempre estaremos inclinando la balanza hacia un costado, no hay educación imparcial. Elijamos con responsabilidad sobre la educación judía de nuestros hijos



Rabino Rami Pavolotzky
Congregación B´nei Israel
San José, Costa Rica


Parashat haShavua: NITZAVIM 5770

Devarim - Deuteronomy 29:9-31:20
September 4, 2010 – 25 Elul 5770

A Committed Jewish Education

This week we read two parashiot: Nitzavim and Va’yelech. The first one, Parashat Nitzavim, refers to a new covenant, agreed upon between God and the people of Israel before entering the land of Canaan. As in every pact, its subscribers are clearly stipulated at the very beginning. In the corresponding Torah text, however, something interesting appears: “Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; but with him that standeth here with us this day before the Lord our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day” (Deut. 29:13-14).

The question arising from this passage is, to whom is it referring by “him that is not here with us”? Rashi, quoting the Midrash, explains that this sentence refers to the future generations. That is, the covenant concerted by God in the wilderness was not just between Him and the people present at the time, but also with those people’s children, and the children of their children and all future generations, including us and our descendants.

At first sight, this seems a little bit odd. After all, we know that agreements are made between the signing parties, and no one else can be included unless such party explicitly expresses its consent. How could we include in a covenant people who have not yet been born? Do we have the right to do so? A lawyer could cynically claim: ¿is this pact even legal? If you allow me a small joke, the expression “devil’s advocate” would be perfect here.

I don’t know if the Midrash interpretation is correct, but I do believe it teaches us a very important principle of Jewish pedagogy. I am referring to the education of our children in general, and to Jewish education in particular, to which I will refer briefly next.

In my opinion, there are three basic options regarding the Jewish education of our children: the first one is to educate them entirely as Jews, sending them to a Jewish school, keeping a Jewish home, etc. This option is, in truth, the continuity of the covenant stated in this week’s parashah. From their very first years, we include our children in the covenant, in our people’s tradition.

The second option is the absolute opposite: to not offer children any kind of Jewish education. No Jewish school, no visits to the temple, no Jewish symbols, etc. At some point, the children will grow up and learn that they are Jews, but such knowledge will have no value for them, since it will be just a word empty of content; they will not have anything concrete to reflect their belonging to the Jewish people, nor any memory to support them. This option clearly means breaking the pact of the Torah, freely expressing the desire to not belong to the covenant.

There is a third option, an intermediate position, on which I wish to delve. We say that the first option is to say “I want my children to be part of the covenant”, while the second consists of saying, “I don’t want my children to be part of the covenant”. Well then, the intermediate option would be to say “I cannot decide for my children; they will choose in the future whether they want or not to be part of the covenant with the Jewish tradition”. In practice, this means to offer them some bit of Jewish education, rather mild, with no affirmations or obligations. They receive a confused message, with a little bit of Judaism and a little bit of other things. They are taken to the synagogue and to the Jewish school once in a while, because it is important that they get to know them, but these places hold the same importance as any others; they are not an essential part of the family life.

Experience shows that the result of such an education is very similar to that of the second option. In a country where the number of Jews is just a small grain of sand, and where the only way to gain access to Jewish culture is through the synagogue, Hebrew school or other similar Jewish institution, the path that our children will choose is in truth virtually established.

I believe that the idea of the covenant with the future generations teaches us that we cannot trust the identity of our children to chance. Of course they will choose and decide, as the human beings they are. No education guarantees 100% effective results. But the Torah’s advice is that we should tilt the balance deliberately, not be impartial, and show our children that we are interested in their continuing to be members of the same people to which their parents belonged, transmitting to them how proud we feel with that. Otherwise, they will choose without any preconception, what in a society such as ours means an almost sure ticket to complete assimilation.

The Midrash advice is that we must educate our children in Judaism, as we do in other aspects of life. For instance, parents usually want their children to be good people, and however open-minded they are, they show their children the good path. I have never heard a father saying to his child, “there are honest and immoral people; when you grow up, you will decide if you want to be upright or not”. Just as we educate children on what we believe is right and wrong, and we wish to transmit affection for the values we uphold, we should also educate them in the Jewish tradition, in the love for its values and culture, in the feeling of belonging.

The Torah refers this week to a pact with future generations, an alliance that can only be kept alive through education. Perhaps the most important lesson is that we must clearly understand that, no matter which of the three options we choose, we will always be tilting the balance one way or the other; there is no impartial education. Let us choose responsibly concerning the Jewish education of our children.


Rabbi Rami Pavolotzky

Reflections on Suriname BRI group visit to the Israel Museum

I want to share with you an amazing experience that I had yesterday with our Kesher Birthright group from Suriname. We had scheduled a reception for them at the Israel Museum since the new museum that recently opened its doors after three years of renovations has a new exhibit called the avenue of synagogues. This exhibit has several synagogues, reconstructed ones as well as models that are displayed in an interactive experience where people walk in to and through them to experience synagogues from around the world. One of these synagogues is from Suriname. It was the synagogue where many of our participants had spent the first years of their lives, where they participated in their Jewish life cycle events, holidays and more. I didn’t know this at the time, but the synagogue was literally moved from Suriname to the Israel museum part by part and reconstructed almost identically to the way it looked there. (On a much smaller scale of course)

In addition to our group, some 15 or so Israelis who had made Aliyah from Suriname, some relatives of the participants on the trip, had arrived to take part in this event as well.

While walking through the museum and the avenue of synagogues with the curator of Judaic exhibition at the museum, the group was anxious to arrive at "their" synagogue. After about a 20 minute tour we finally arrived at our destination. When the group entered the reconstructed synagogue at the museum, they felt at home, they were swept with emotions and all of them including the adults from Suriname in the crowd were in tears. There were media from Maariv, Jerusalem Post, Israeli TV and all were snapping away with their cameras at the sight of this outburst of emotions. Even all of the VIP, Chief of staff the Ministry of Diaspora Affairs, Gidi Mark CEO of Taglit Birthright Israel, James Snyder the Director of the Museum and others were moved deeply by what was occurring around them. There wasn’t a dry eye in the room!

After a long pause a few speeches were made and some of the adults and participants who remembered praying in the synagogue back home said a few words as much as their emotions could allow them. Some of the nice words were said by Baruch Lionarons a friend of Jules Donk the congregational leader of the community at present, who we have been in contact with to organize the tour. He talked about the wonderful times that this synagogue has seen and about the great memories it holds in its past. He then turned to the group and told them how they are the future of this synagogue and of the community in Suriname and that while it is permanently here on display here in Israel for all the Jews of the world who come to Israel to see and admire, it is their duty and privilege to continue the tradition and to be strong supporters and builders of the Jewish community in Suriname. Baruch went on to say that in some ways this synagogue represented both the past and now with the group in it, also the future of the Jews of Suriname.

The group then received a book produced by the museum commemorating and describing the cataloging and transferring of the synagogue from Suriname to Jerusalem, more speeches, including the representative of the Ministry of Diaspora affairs who could not deliver the speech in English and needed a translator…. and of course Gidi Mark the CEO of Taglit Birthright Israel. Joel Oseran spoke on behalf of the World Union of Progressive Judaism.

I have been around the block and have seen some great things that we do in our work but this was one of the highlights. I was proud and glad we were able to help with this project and felt honored that we were able to facilitate this group's experience in Israel. We should be doing more to foster the connections of Jews around the world to our North American communities.


Gadi Ben Dov

Director, Short Term Programs

NFTY in Israel

URJ Youth Division